Man who drinks his own urine says it makes him look 10 years younger

Man who drinks his own urine says it makes him look 10 years younger

Harry’s family do not approve of the controversial ‘urine therapy’ technique (Picture: Jam Press)

A man who drinks urine every day has claimed it has ‘cured’ his depression.

Harry Matadeen, from Hampshire, says the practice also has anti-ageing benefits, and has left him looking 10 years younger.

The 34-year-old first started drinking his own pee in 2016.

He told Bristol Live: ‘It was beyond my wildest imaginations how powerful it was when I drank it.

‘From the moment I drank the urine, it woke up my brain and removed my depression.“I felt a new sense of peace, calm and determination. I thought “wow I can make it for free and always keep myself in this happy state”.’

He drinks a 200ml cup of pee each day, some of it near a month old.

Harry described the fluid as an ‘acquire taste’ and added that his more-aged urine tends to have a more ‘refined’ taste.

He added: ‘Fresh urine is never as bad as you imagine – it is neutral smelling and not a bad taste unless you are really toxic. But the aged urine is always smelly and the taste is a refined and acquired one.’

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The 34-year-old, from Hampshire, started drinking urine in 2016 (Picture: Jam Press/Harry Matadeen)

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Like fine wine: Harry says older urine has a ‘more refined’ taste (Picture: Jam Press/Harry Matadeen)

Harry’s family don’t approve of the practice, known as ‘urine therapy’, and his sister no longer speaks to him.

But he has a close group of friends who do understand, or even consume urine themselves.

When he’s not drinking his own pee, Harry can also be found rubbing it on his face.

He says it leaves his skin ‘young, soft and glowing.’

He added: ‘Aged urine is the best food for the skin that I have found to date. When you rub it on, it softens the skin and keeps it youthful and elastic.’

But BristolLive also spoke with a GP to shed light on the impact of urine therapy.

Dr Jeff Foster explained that urine is made up of water, ammonia and salts, bacteria and other waste products.

He told the newspaper: ‘Urine is a waste product that contains about 90% water. There are no known reported health benefits from either drinking or rubbing your own urine onto your body (or anyone else’s urine).

‘Orally, it is much worse – it can actually speed up the dehydration process and potentially introduce bacteria. 

‘Waste products are waste for a reason.’

Last year, footage emerged of a London mayoral candidate drinking his own urine.

London Real candidate Brian Rose had posted a clip of himself describing the fluid as ‘a little salty’.

癌症治療不需喝尿的純化尿療 ─『CDA-2』!

癌症治療不需喝尿的純化尿療 ─『CDA-2』!

癌症治療不需喝尿的純化尿療─『CDA-2』!

2019-05-29

臺北市立中興醫院血液腫瘤科張根湖主任於十月二十九日癌症統合治療學術研討會中表示,CDA-2 是由人尿萃取的針劑和膠囊形複合物,經多年來的研究已證實具有多分子靶點的抑癌作用。除誘導分化及促進凋亡外,也增加化學及放射治療的效果,更調控細胞週期抑制腫瘤成長。


目前在大陸三期臨床試驗已完成,證實可以增強近2倍化學治療的效果,減低骨髓抑制及其他副作用。在二期臨床試驗中,比較有效的包括乳癌、腦惡性腫瘤、肝癌、非小細胞肺癌、腎癌等,目前在台灣因為還未進行臨床試驗,完全以恩慈療法由病人個人申請用藥進口使用。


張根湖主任並於研討會中表示張根湖主任及康寧百盛治癌中心主任賴基銘醫師都發現 CDA-2 用在兩例骨髓增生異常症 (Myelodysplastic Syndrome) 的治療有明確效果;骨髓增生異常症的病人在過去往往死於貧血、出血或感染,有部分病人會演變為血癌,迄今沒有任何有效的治療,可以延緩病情的進展。


這兩起病例,一例為血小板過低及輕度貧血,八年來治療無效,最後被放棄移到安寧病房,由於嚴重出血(血小板低於 13,000,正常值應高於 120,000),轉到康寧醫院,經 CDA-2 治療三週,血小板回升到 70,000;治療五週後回升到 110,000,已不必再經常輸血小板來控制病情。


第二例為多年的貧血,住院時血色素3.2(正常值12以上),病人經 CDA-2 治療一週後,血色素回升至10.0;治療兩週後,回升到 11 以上,一個月後未再治療,目前情況良好。希望 CDA-2 等新多分子靶點的抑癌作用能為當今的癌症治療盲點開創另一道曙光!


來源:https://www.kingnet.com.tw/news/single?newId=7034

尿療法介紹 – 臺中榮民總醫院

尿療法介紹 – 臺中榮民總醫院

2022/8/16 9:21:58

文:王人澍主任

前言

台中榮總九十二年五月一日開立中醫門診至今已逾三年,由於本院原有豐沛的醫療資源及科內同仁的努力,不到半年即取得「衛生署中醫教學醫療機構」的資格,於93年1月1日開辦「中醫會診業務」及「夜診業務」,同時科內積極進行衛生署與中國醫藥大學實習醫生臨床的教學,一年來個人歸納門診教學病例主要以老人醫學、腫瘤科病人…等為主。尤其腫瘤病人的病情變化很難以單一藥物療法解決,其中三個腦腫瘤病人因合併尿療法取得較好的緩解與較佳的生活品質,又門診常被問起尿療法的相關問題,因此以本文簡要敘述尿療法的相關文獻與資料,供作參考。  

 

追溯尿療法的歷史

《古代》

早在5,000年前用梵語所寫成的印度教經典中,就曾記載關於尿療法的相關事項達107項。

『東漢醫聖』張仲景在他的名著《傷寒雜病論》已多次提到應用人尿的處方治病。

唐朝楊貴妃更利用童尿來養顏美容、長保青春。

清朝慈禧太后服9種生藥配合童尿製成藥丸,用於調節婦女疾病。

聖經上的一個章節亦提及:「你最好喝自己的水,或由井中湧出的水才好」。其中「自己的水」指的即是尿液。

西方『醫學始祖』希波克拉提斯,也曾說明尿的效果。

日本約在750年前鐮倉時代,新佛教時宗創始人「一遍上人」,也利用尿療法行醫救世,所到之處爭相祈尿之景,四處可見。

另外歐洲的吉普賽人、義大利、匈牙利、南斯拉夫、希臘、非洲、及美國的印地安人,自古以來就已實行尿療法。

 

《近代》

當代世界上公開提倡尿療法的鼻祖,英國的自然療法論著─J.W.阿姆斯壯先生在他的著作《生命之水》(THE WATER OF LIFE)中,便率先描述親身研究體驗尿療法的效能。

印度前總理(首相)德沙(1977~1979年上任),每天早晨喝一杯尿來維持身體健康,高壽九十九卻膚色光滑,從未有過病痛苦惱而喧騰一時。

日本現代尿療法發明人『中尾良一』先生是第二次大戰緬印戰區的日本軍醫,由於當時戰爭失利,在糧食與藥品均匱乏之際,他記取昔日偶然以尿療法治療慢性淋病的經驗,指導傷病士兵使用尿療法,結果使數千人的生命得就,是擁有珍貴經驗的親身見聞者。目前正以日本M.C.L.研究所所長身分,在日本大力倡導尿療法。  

 

尿是最乾淨的水

『尿』到底涵蓋那些成分?

古今中外對『尿』有相當多的稱呼,有『回龍湯』、『生命之水』、『生命之泉』、『聖水』、『還原水』……等等。但到底『尿』具有那些成分呢?據現代醫學專家分析報告:尿中含有上千種微量成分,例如胺基酸、維他命、礦物質、荷爾蒙、酵素、免疫物質等,然而,多數是以毫克或十億分之一公克的微量存在。以下便是報告中含量以公克為單位的主要物質。

尿中有機成分(平均一日排泄量)

(1).尿素                        1.47 公克

(2).尿酸                        0.18 公克

(3).Creatinine                    0.58 公克

(4).阿摩尼亞                    0.49 公克

(5).馬尿酸                      0.6  公克

(6).尿黃質Urochrome             0.4~0.7 公克

其它尚還有食鹽、鉀的含量亦多

 

為什麼一般人畏懼喝尿?

對於飲尿液,一般人的直覺是視為污穢不堪的排泄物,且總是喜歡將糞便混為一談,這是一種非常嚴重錯誤的觀念,且是推廣尿療最大的阻力,許多人猶豫不決或視為喝尿為畏途,就是因為這個緣故。

 

「尿」與「糞便」絕對不相同!

糞便是經由口腔至肛門連成一體的管子通到體外,體內的消化系統,這條管子將食物營養吸收完成後,剩下的無用穢物排出體外,形成「糞便」;而「尿」的形成則是養分被吸收後變成血液,並經過血管循環體內各個部位,最後抵達腎臟,亦即血液在此被過濾成尿液貯存在膀胱裡。由此可知,尿液與血液的成分部分是相同的,如血清般澄澈,其味道亦與血清相同。

日本醫師協會所舉辦的各場次演講中更開宗明義地表示:「尿液」比「血液」更乾淨,由此可見,教導大眾捨棄尿為污穢之物想法是相當有必要的。

 

如何正確使用尿療法

古代尿療口訣

中國在宋朝大理學大師家朱熹(朱夫子)的第23代後裔朱錦富,於日前公開朱家歷代先世(元朝朱氏名醫於臨終時,所留下喝尿口訣,當時只傳子孫,不傳外人,其口訣如下:『回龍湯,寅卯嚐。治血證,管拔傷。去隱疾,助成長。補氣血,滋陰陽。冬至服,立春放。戒葷腥,不可忘。除頭尾,要中央。目睹色,欲清澈。竹做引,達病育。棗作輔,除口障。年年喝,亦壽彊。』共22句,可見在當時要達到最理想的尿療效果,仍得注意相當多的事項。另外,在中國喝童子尿及處女尿,被視為返老還童的靈丹妙藥。但現代醫師認為:如果是以治療疾病或維持身體健康為目的,還是得喝提取過的尿最好。

 

日本喝尿始祖「中尾良一」建議之喝尿方式:

早晨第一泡尿,去頭去尾取中段,是最適合飲用的尿。加水淡化或加冰塊冷卻,是喝尿的二大妙法(可使味道更淡)。此外,喝尿時以口代鼻呼吸(或暫時停止呼吸),仰首將尿液一飲而盡,也是喝尿妙法之一。習慣後您會發現,其實喝尿跟喝水一樣,沒什麼好怕的。另外根據美國哈佛大學醫學院的研究指出,早晨第一泡尿,含有大量的SPU尿性睡眠物質,屬於荷爾蒙的一種,這種物質具有強化對抗體內病源菌的免疫功效,但這種物質在白天人體活動時,無法產生,只有在睡眠時,它才大量製造。當然白天喝尿,也能達到相當程度的療效。但中尾先生及多位專家仍強調:『還是早晨第一泡尿最好』。

 

喝尿注意事項:

喝尿過程中,會出現症狀急遽惡化的情形。但是,這並非真的惡化,而是不良的部分完全表面化,亦即是由於好轉而出現的反應,俗稱『好轉反應』,其現象並非每個人都相同,也有人甚至完全無此現象,故勿因『好轉反應』而產生畏懼,於是就中止喝尿,導致前功盡棄。  

 

世紀末科學研究新發現

西方科學家積極進行研究1970年美國德州研究室,自尿液萃取製成針劑,並成功應用在癌症末期患者上,廣受醫界重視。在1980年前後,一些美國科學家也積極從事尿療法的基礎及臨床研究,成效卓著;經由他們的努力,美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)批准國家癌症研究所(NCI),以合成的尿液為主成分之一苯醋酸(Phenylacetate),進行惡性腦瘤第一及第二期臨床試驗,以證實對開刀、放療及化學治療後,再復發之惡性腦瘤,無明顯副作用,且有療效呈現,為未來以尿成分治療,立下新的里程碑。

全球首屆「尿療法」會議已於1996年2月23至25日在印度果亞(GOA)揭幕,包括英、美、法、日等十七個國家,約六百名科學家與醫師齊集印度果亞省的省會邦進,參加首屆「尿療法」會議,個別提出臨床尿療法正面療效的報告,其中除腫瘤之外尚包括心臟病、糖尿病、風濕、氣喘、睡眠、便秘…等。

 

結語

尿療法中的童便療法在古老的中醫傳統療法中,如:中風、昏迷、血症…等,早已被使用。以現代醫學而言,目前為一被逐漸推廣運用的一種另類療法,基以小便本身若能控制飲食、心情平靜、良好睡眠,則小便應為潔淨無味的生理排泄水;目前其相關的藥學與臨床研究正在世界各地廣泛的進行研究,也許可以從中取得某些具體的科學性的成果來協助病人。

Businesswoman drinks own urine every morning and dabs it on her face to look fresh

Businesswoman drinks own urine every morning and dabs it on her face to look fresh

Kayleigh Oakley claims the bizarre routine has also cured a lifetime of health conditions.

Kayleigh Oakley drinks a glass of her own wee every morning

A successful businesswoman has revealed the secret behind her flawless porcelain skin - drinking her own wee every morning, before exfoliating and moisturising her face with it.

English rose Kayleigh Oakley, 33, downs half a pint of urine on waking, then dabbing it on her skin before she showers, to keep her complexion looking fresh - claiming that drinking wee has cured a lifetime of health conditions.

Battling a low immune system for years, with a strenuous day out leaving her bed-bound for a week, Kayleigh, of Newington, Kent, claims just days after sipping the yellow liquid she felt transformed, explaining: “It was almost instant.

“Drinking urine can’t harm you and I view it as a medicine. We don’t think twice about taking drugs bought over the counter, with side-effects, yet urine has no side-effects and it works really well.

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Kayleigh drinks half a pint of urine when she wakes up 

“A lot of expensive skin brands contain urea, which is excreted in urine, so I have also got a really expensive product for free.”

Just four-years-old when she was diagnosed with a low immune system, after constant tiredness and muscle pain, aged 15 Kayleigh also developed Hashimoto's disease - an autoimmune condition, causing an underactive thyroid.

Two years later she was told she had chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia, which causes pain all over the body and even the smallest tasks became a nightmare to Kayleigh, whose husband, Tristan, 39, is a draftsman.

“I was ill a lot of the time and life felt like really hard work,” she said.

“If someone became unwell around me, my immune system would be so weak that I would get sick, too."

She added: “It was so draining. If I did any strenuous activity I would be in bed for week, and life became pretty miserable.”

Two years ago, Kayleigh, who runs an education business and teaches yoga, discovered urine therapy, where people drink their own wee for health reasons.

“I was studying natural healing and medicine and was fascinated by the success stories other people shared about it,” she said. “I had been on a long journey, trying to improve my health. I changed my diet and lifestyle, trying to introduce more holistic things and not taking any pharmaceutical medicines.

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Yoga teacher Kayleigh Oakley claims drinking wee has cured a lifetime of health conditions 

“I heard that urine can reset the immune system, promote general good health, and is good for the skin.

"It is also an ancient yogic technique, so thought I would give it a go.”

Now stunning Kayleigh pees into a water glass every morning and drinks the mid-stream of the urine, discarding the first and last parts of the flow, as she says it can contain toxins and sediment.

She explained: “The morning drink contains the most hormones and nutrients.

“It doesn’t taste of much. It's a bit salty and you can taste some minerals, but because I have a vegan diet, it isn't strong.

“I have never been horrified by the thought of drinking it and my friends and family accept what I do. We are conditioned to think drinking urine is unclean, but it’s just a sterile filtration of the blood.”

And Kayleigh claims that the proof of the pudding, so to speak, is in the eating, as, within a few days of starting her new regime - which included a raw, vegan diet and regular yoga - she felt greatly improved.

“I had an extreme amount of energy, it was amazing,” she said.

“Urine works really well to clear your skin up, if you have any hormonal issues with it. So, I use it as a moisturiser, just putting some on a cotton wool and popping it on my skin before I jump in the shower. It moisturises and helps exfoliate too.”

0_Kayleigh

Kayleigh Oakley also claims dabbing urine on her face is her secret to flawless skin 

Although her husband is not a convert to urine therapy, Kayleigh says he supports her choice.

“We are exposed to so many external environmental toxins, if you have ill-health it’s about trying to find a more natural health to improve it,” she said.

“Now I need less sleep and wake up naturally at 5am without an alarm. A combination of my diet and yoga practice, as well as drinking urine every day, has helped to cure me.”

Forgoing medication in favour of natural remedies, Kayleigh also believes in finding the cause of ailments.

She said: “We have an epidemic of treating the symptoms, not the cause. I have tried to look at my body as a whole, see what’s missing and lacking due to nutrient deficiencies. This means I can then start treating it a bit more holistically.

“If I hadn’t gone down the path of healing myself with different therapies, I would be on more medication. There's a lot of misinformation out there, but you won't know if drinking urine will help until you try it."

But Aisling Pigott, dietician and spokesperson for the British Dietetic Association, disagrees.

She said: “There is no evidence or advice which would encourage anybody to drink their own urine. The body, in particular the kidneys, does an effective job at removing toxins and excretes urine.

“Therefore, drinking this again is not beneficial, could potentially be harmful and could cause infection.”

“I can’t believe I’ve just watched someone drink their own wee”

'I can't believe I've just watched someone drink their own wee': Twitter backlash over couple who appeared on ITV's This Morning to extol the health benefits of urine

  • Bex Long and John Dixon have been together for two years
  • Couple appeared on show to discuss the health benefits of drinking urine
  • They say urine has has banished symptoms of depression, made their eyes brighter and their skin clearer - and they have no plans to stop
  • But viewers took to Twitter to complain the piece was 'too much' for morning TV, after Willoughby asked if they drank the liquid 'warm or chilled'
  • Some described the segment - aired at 10.50am - as 'stomach churning'

A couple who appeared on ITV's This Morning to discuss the fact they drink their own urine have become the subject of a Twitter backlash from horrified viewers.

Bex Long and John Dixon say their own home brewed elixir has banished symptoms of depression, made their eyes brighter and their skin clearer.

The couple, who have been dating for two years, told an aghast Holly Willoughby and Dermot O'Leary on ITV's This Morning that their urine was so potent it was 'like an energy drink'.

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Home brew: The couple, who have been dating for two years, told an aghast Holly Willoughby and Dermot O'Leary on ITV's This Morning that their urine was so potent it was 'like an energy drink'

They also admitted to dabbing it on cuts and burns to help them heal.

At one point they even downed a champagne flute of the liquid live on air, as Holly shielded her eyes with her hands.

But viewers took to Twitter to complain that the segment - aired at 10.50am - was too much for morning TV.

One wrote: 'Stomach is churning. Just watched people drink their own urine on This Morning. I physically feel sick. Just want to vomit.'

Another said: 'Do you chill it or drink it straight from the tap?? "Straight from the tap" @itvthismorning WHAT AM I WATCHING?

Another added: 'Can not believe I have just watched a segment on this morning about people drinking there own wee. What goes on in some people's minds?'

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Mr Dixon explained that he has been drinking a cup or two of his own urine every day for seven years after a friend extolled the virtues of it.

When he met Miss Long two years ago, he introduced her to it - and after finding it relived symptoms of her depression, she has continued with it.

The couple now firmly believe the practice is a key part of staying healthy.

Mr Dixon told the programme that he'd started drinking his own urine seven years ago after being 'a naughty kid' - and noticed the difference straight away.

He said: 'I found it balanced my head, things were calmer and I could think clearer.'

Miss Long added that when she met him she'd suffered from depression for 10 years and was taking medication for it. 

Wanting to come off the tablets, Mr Dixon told her about the health benefits he'd discovered from drinking his own urine every day.

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Happy: Mr Dixon explained he has been drinking a cup or two his own urine every day for seven years after a friend extolled the virtues of it.
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Doing it together: When Mr Dixon met Miss Long two years ago, he introduced her to 'urine therapy' - and after finding it relived symptoms of her depression, has continued with it

She said: 'I spoke to people where John works and heard stories about how they had got better [from doing it] and thought I would try it.

'For the first couple of months I felt happy and bouncy - it worked straight away,' she added. 'If I had forgotten to take a tablet then I would do that instead.'

She added that the taste and smell of the urine 'depends on what you've been eating and drinking' - and that it 'definitely wasn't an acquired taste'.

Mr Dixon added: 'It smells and tastes like wee - there's not getting around it. But it cleans you out.

'When you carry on doing it, you can taste what food you eat.'

This was backed up further after the couple knocked back a shot of their urine live on air - with Mr Dixon declaring he could 'taste the coffee' he had just drunk.

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Caution: But Dr Ranj Singh (right) warned that 'urine is one of the body's ways of getting rid of stuff - and it could contain toxic byproducts'

And when quizzed by an incredulous Holly Willoughby, the couple admitted they tended not to sip the first 'go' of the day, due to it being 'quite strong'.

And Dr Ranj Singh cautioned against the practice. He warned: 'It's not necessarily recommended. If you are on medication and you are going to come off it, then it's important to talk to a doctor first.

'Urine is one of the body's ways of getting rid of stuff - and it could contain toxic byproducts.

'Yes, it is sterile in the bladder, but once it leaves the bladder it can come into contact with bacteria. if you drink it, you are re-introducing that bacteria back into the body.

   DOES DRINKING YOUR OWN URINE REALLY HAVE HEALTH BENEFITS?

Urine therapy is said to date back to the Bible. Historical documents suggest that the Aztecs disinfected wounds with it, while the benefits are also mentioned in Indian and Chinese literature.

Urine is highly sterile, consisting of 95 per cent water and five per cent nutrients such as proteins, vitamins and minerals. During the digestive process, the liver deals with toxins and removes them to be excreted.

The blood then goes to the kidneys where it is filtered again and extraneous components the body no longer needs are collected in a sterile solution which is then passed as urine.

But GP Dr Rob Hicks said: 'Over the years many people have claimed health benefits from drinking their own urine, but as far as I'm aware there is no scientific evidence to back-up these claims.

'The kidneys are an efficient filtering system getting rid of what the body doesn't need, so to put this back into the body seems counter-productive.

'Personally, I believe there are better - and more palatable - ways to keep the body healthy including not smoking, eating a healthy diet, and keeping stress under control.'

Human Urine May Cure Blood Pressure

Human Urine May Cure Blood Pressure

by  | Nov 9, 2007

WASHINGTON: A study has identified a hormone from human urine, a xanthurenic-acid derivative, which might help safely flush sodium out of the body and could be harnessed to develop more effective and safer treatments for high blood pressure, or hypertension.

The Cornell and the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research (BTI) study, co-authored by Frank Schroeder, an assistant scientist at BTI, developed a new technique for analysing complex mixtures of small molecules, making it possible to finally identify the natural hormone.

In the rat-model based study, Schroeder developed an approach based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of partially purified urine.

NMR spectroscopy is the most powerful tool chemists used to determine the structures of unknown compounds. It has only been used for the analysis of purified compounds.

In the study, the usage of the technique revealed three completely new compounds, each of which was subsequently synthesized and injected into rats. The rats’ urine was then monitored.

Two of the identified compounds, derivatives of a common metabolite xanthurenic-acid, raised sodium levels in the rat’s urine but kept potassium levels constant.

Schroeder said that while aldosterone was a steroid hormone, the newly discovered molecule was structurally more similar to such amino acid-derived neurotransmitters as dopamine and serotonin and, therefore, might also play other roles in the body.

“Now, we want to know what other functions these compounds have and whether they directly influence blood pressure,” Schroeder said.

The study is published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Urine therapy briefing for scientists

Urine therapy briefing for scientists

Kook-Hee Kang Senior Research Fellow, ReSEAT Program, Korea Institute of Science and Technology information, 66, Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-741, Republic of Korea
CELLMED (셀메드) Volume 2 Issue 4 /Pages.32.1-32.3/2012/2233-8985(eISSN)

ABSTRACT Urine is a gift of God for the health of human being in proverbs of the Old Testament in Hindu. Urine therapy (UT) is not a mysterious folk remedy, it is doctor's examined prescription based on modern science and UT is recommended strongly with absolute confidence. It is effective and amazing to a number of incurables such as chronic fatigue, lingering, a cold, nose allergy, diabetes, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, and gout. Also, UT is applied not only for human beings but also for animals, the latter including amazing effects for pigs and cows. The purpose of this manuscript is to help change the misunderstandings of urine and UT and to help reader realize it is one of the helpful alternative remedies.

注射干擾素之照護

注射干擾素之照護

  1. 干擾素是一種蛋白質,它是人體內對抗病毒入侵的最快反應部隊,當體內干擾素製造不足時,會增加疾病感染的嚴重性。
  2. 干擾素的作用:具免疫調節功能及抗病毒作用,可治療慢性骨髓性白血病、淋巴瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、腎細胞癌、慢性肝炎及卡波西氏肉瘤。
  3. 干擾素的副作用:可能會發生類似感冒的症狀,最常見的反應為虛弱、發燒及寒顫,另有肌肉骨骼及關節疼痛、噁心嘔吐或食慾不振情形,一般停藥72小時後會消失。
  4. 干擾素注射的注意事項:
    1. 採皮下注射,注射部位需輪換,注射後加壓即可,不必搓揉。
    2. 藥物一般貯存於冰箱冷藏室(攝氏2-8℃),開瓶後必須24小時內使用完畢。
    3. 如有類似感冒症狀,可依醫囑服用解熱鎮痛劑來改善發燒、肌肉酸痛等症狀,且應盡量多喝水休息。
    4. 如有高燒不退,請立即返診。

干擾素 (Interferons) 在癌症治療上的應用

干擾素 (Interferons) 在癌症治療上的應用

干擾素

干擾素(Interferons, 簡稱IFN)是1957年由英國Alick Isaacs和Jean Lindenmann兩位研究人員所發現,當細胞受到病毒感染時,會立即製造出干擾素以抵抗病毒,並同時警告鄰近正常的細胞,提高警覺,以防病毒入侵。綜合過去近40年的研發,我們知道,干擾素除了抗病毒外,還有抑制癌細胞生長、促進細胞分化和增強免疫力的功能,但是干擾素在人體的含量極低,又無適當的製造方式,因而限制了臨床應用的價值。直到最近,生物技術的突飛猛進,干擾素才得以量產而廣泛地應用於醫療上。干擾素目前主要可分三大類﹕IFN-α, IFN-β,IFN-γ,其中IFN-α在體內半衰期長達4-16小時,也是所有干擾素中,最常使用的。其投藥方式為肌肉或皮下注射。

適應症

IFN-α目前經美、英、日、德等先進國家核准的適應症包括:(1)病毒所引起的疾病﹕例如,慢性B型肝炎、慢性C型肝炎、菜花(尖頭濕疣)、愛滋病患常見的卡波西氏肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma)等。(2)血液疾病﹕例如,毛狀細胞白血病慢性骨髓性白血病、多發性骨髓瘤、低度非何杰金氐淋巴瘤等。(3)其它腫瘤﹕例如,黑色素瘤(Melanoma)、腎細胞癌、基底細胞癌等。 在台灣目前已獲全民健保給付的疾病有﹕毛狀細胞白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、多發性骨髓瘤、以及使用傳統療法無效之T細胞淋巴瘤等。

作用機轉

對IFN-α的生物活性及作用機轉的研究,目前正持續進行中。目前已知的作用包括﹕1)抑制病毒的複製增生。2)增強免疫細胞對癌細胞及受病毒感染細胞的殺傷力。3)刺激癌細胞及病毒感染細胞表現第一類不相容抗原於細胞表面,使這些細胞易於讓免疫細胞辨認而被消滅。4)抑制癌細胞核酸和蛋白質的合成,使細胞生長停滯。5)IFN-*可影響約40種和癌症生成有關基因的表達。

臨床應用

干擾素對癌症的治療作用與一般化療不同,它不是直接殺害癌細胞,而是以調節人體內多種系統來對抗癌細胞,因而它的作用較緩慢。在臨床應用方面通常需要一至三個月才能有明顯的療效,也需要較長期的使用,始能達到理想的效果。 以慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)的治療為例,雖然化療劑Hydroxyurea或Busulphan可以有效地控制症狀與白血球數,但對病患的存活期影響不大,異體骨髓移植可以治癒某些病人,但只有部份病人能接受異體骨髓移植。而IFN-α可經由調節並改變CML惡性細胞的特性,使得10-25%的病患達到長期的緩解。依美國MD Anderson醫學中心的建議,劑量為5MU/m2/Day或病患可容忍的最大劑量。當白血球被控制在2000到6000/ul時,可達到最佳的療效。最近的報告更指出,以Ara-c加上IFN-α治療療效可以更好。 對晚期的低度非何杰金氏淋巴瘤,以IFN-α作維持治療或在療程中加入IFN-α的多個臨床試驗,都顯示IFN-α的加入,可延長病患的緩解期(也就是病情受到控制的情形)1-2年。其中法國Dr. Solal-Celigny的試驗,更顯示以IFN-α與CHVP(一種化學療法)併用18個月,可延長存活期達22個月之多。因而歐洲及最近的美國藥物食品檢驗局都已核准Intron A(IFN-α的一個廠牌)用於治療晚期的低惡性度非何杰金氏淋巴瘤。 IFN-α在實體腫瘤之治療方面,也有成功的例子。例如,黑色素瘤手術後的輔助治療,以IFN-α治療一年,可明顯地增加了病患的存活期約一年。因而在1996年獲得美國藥物食品檢驗局 核准用於黑色素瘤的術後治療。對於消化道的類癌( Carcinoid tumor),IFN-α也能有效改善病患的症狀,並使部份病患的腫瘤消退。 日本Dr. Nishiguchi於1995年在Lancet雜誌的報告指出,以IFN-α治療輕微肝硬化的C型肝炎病患,經過2-7年的追蹤後,發現肝癌發生的比例明顯地下降約9倍。

副作用及處理

IFN-α引起的早期副作用,主要為"類流行性感冒徵候群"。例如:發燒、發冷、肌肉骨骼酸痛、失眠、食慾不振、體重減輕與疲累,可於注射前先服用解熱鎮痛劑來改善症狀。通常這些早期副作用,由於身體漸漸習慣,會在治療1-2星期內消失。病患可以多喝水、多休息、熱敷、按摩及做一些體操來放鬆肌肉的壓力。若有食慾不振,則可少量多餐、吃些薄荷或酸性的糖果來改善胃口。後期的副作用,以精神憂鬱的症狀比較值得注意,必要時在睡前服用抗憂鬱劑即可改善。此外,治療期應要注意白血球數的變化。若太低,則需調整劑量。

未來的發展

總之,干擾素具有抗病毒、抗腫瘤和調節免疫系統功能。這些功能目前已經成功地運用於臨床治療上。此外,由於IFN-α可調節許多基因的表現,改變細胞的特性,未來可以嘗試以IFN-α來增進其他治療劑的療效,或以其他治療劑來增進IFN-α的作用。我們期待經由對干擾素作用機轉的進一步了解,能發展出更有效的IFN-α合併治療組合,來應用於更多的癌症治療。

「自律神經系統」── 維持生命的基本機能

「自律神經系統」── 維持生命的基本機能

自律神經系統(Autonomic Nervous System,ANS)是維持生命基本機能的神經系統,遍布全身各個器官,如心臟、腸胃、腎臟、肝臟、泌尿系統、內分泌系統等,負責把來自神經中樞的指令,傳達給器官進行調節,以維持我們的身體機能,所以即使是在睡眠或無意識的狀態下,器官仍然持續運作而不會停擺。

自律神經是一套很奇妙的神經系統,雖然不受大腦意志力的控制,卻容易受到情緒影響。如果情緒緊張或休息不夠,自律神經有可能會傳錯訊息給器官,導致器官做出不適宜的生理反應,引發種種症狀。舉個例子,當我們面對壓力又無法紓解時,體內的可體松會增加分泌,自律神經的調節受到影響而失衡時,就會出現失眠情況。

自律神經失調症狀因人而異,往往造成患者經常穿梭於醫院各個內外科之間,但檢測後都沒找出具體的病因,只能「頭痛醫頭、腳痛醫腳」,最後藥越吃越多,病症沒有得到改善,反而隨病情演變開始產生症狀轉移。

「每個體內的器官都被兩組性質相反的神經控制著」,並且定義了「自主神經系統」。美國哈佛大學的科學家沃爾特·布拉德福·坎農更於20世紀中葉進一步解釋了自律神經與體內平衡,和情緒以及高等大腦功能的相關性。

自律神經失調可以根治嗎?

當然可以根治,而且越早治療效果越顯著。失調所導致的所有症狀都是一個個訊號,提醒你功能不佳,需要調整。就如同多數疾病一般,越早發現,治療時程越短,治療效果越顯著。若確診較晚也不用擔憂,雖然需要花較長的時間治療,但只要遵照醫囑好好配合,定期回診,一樣能根治。

Autonomic_Nervous_System